This may not be the same event recorded at Kd 17:3.9.11 where a stone chip injured the Buddha’s foot. Here it is sakalikā, a wooden splinter (eg. SN 12.55:4.4, SN 35.246:4.20).

“Behemoth” is dhorayha, literally “beast of burden”, a draft-horse or ox.

Pali texts frequently refer to the five branches of Vedic lore: the three Vedas, linguistics, and the legendary “testaments as fifth” (DN 3:1.3.1). Chāndogya Upaniṣad 7.1.4 likewise mentions the Rig, Yajur, and Samn Veda, the Atharva as fourth, and the “legendary testaments as fifth of the Vedas”. | Sataṁ samaṁ also describes Vedic practice at Dhp 106.

The Buddha’s equanimity in the face of pain is contrasted with those ascetics who, even though they actively pursue pain through their mortifications, still do not purify their minds.